Voting Rights and Democracy

The 2025 Global State of Democracy report shows a troubling trend: 54 percent of countries worldwide have declined in vital democratic areas such as representation and rule of law in the past five years. Only 32 percent of countries have improved during this period, marking a ninth consecutive year of net global democratic decline. This erosion spans all regions and affects even long-standing democracies, suggesting systemic pressures from various political and social factors.

Key democratic pillars are under strain, especially judicial independence, press freedom, and electoral integrity. These declines challenge the foundational trust in democratic institutions and processes, leading to fragmented political landscapes and weakened governance worldwide.

Voting rights lie at the heart of democracy, offering citizens the fundamental means to participate in governance and hold leaders accountable. However, the Global State of Democracy report highlights growing inconsistencies and challenges in securing meaningful voting rights, particularly for citizens residing abroad and migrant populations.

With over 300 million people living outside their country of birth, inclusive voting rights policies for these communities are crucial to fostering democratic resilience. Effective enfranchisement can enhance political representation and strengthen ties between citizens and their home countries, reinforcing democratic norms despite geographic separation.

Global migration is transforming societies and raising complex questions about political participation and belonging. The 2025 report emphasizes that democratic institutions have yet to fully adapt to these shifts, with many countries lacking clear or effective provisions for migrants' voting rights.

Inclusive political rights for migrants not only promote individual empowerment but also contribute to the health of democracies by broadening participation and integrating diverse voices. This intersection remains underexplored but is gaining recognition as vital for the sustainability of democratic governance amid increasing mobility.

Despite widespread democratic declines, some countries are reversing negative trends by improving electoral integrity and parliamentary effectiveness. Botswana, Brazil, Poland, Fiji, and Taiwan are among those showing advancement, demonstrating that positive change is achievable.

These examples showcase how inclusive policies, increased polling accessibility, media engagement, and legislative reforms can strengthen democratic processes. Such successes provide valuable lessons and hope for global democracy, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptation.

For example, Botswana increased polling stations domestically and abroad and designated public holidays to maximize voter participation. Taiwan’s digitalization initiatives have positioned it as a democracy model in Asia, reinforcing citizen engagement and transparent governance.

The democratic setbacks in representation, rights, and rule of law pose significant challenges but also prompt urgent calls for reform and innovation. Addressing deficiencies in press freedom, freedom of expression, and access to justice are critical complements to securing voting rights.

Improving data collection and electoral mechanisms for out-of-country voting must be prioritized to serve the increasing population of citizens living abroad effectively. Policymakers and civil society are urged to develop targeted strategies that safeguard inclusiveness, credibility, and transparency to revitalize democracy worldwide.

Ultimately, reinforcing voting rights and participation will help build more resilient, adaptive democracies that reflect the realities of a connected, mobile world. Ensuring all citizens can exercise their right to vote—regardless of location—is fundamental to this democratic renewal.